Really they're not. But with the Petreaus White House Iraq non-progress report on its way on Tuesday, we're due for another round of the argument that Americans, if pushed, don't fully support withdrawal. The 'ambivalent' gambit basically goes like this: When we look at the polls a clear majority of Americans favor withdrawal. But because they vary in terms of their preferred timeline, don't all favor defunding, or recognize some potential complications of withdrawal, they don't really mean it. It is the serious, centrist, on the one hand, on the other hand complement to the blatant lie (already being pushed) that Americans are opposed to withdrawal.
American 'ambivalence' has been a staple of serious commentary since before the beginning of the Iraq war. The exact parameters used to illustrate this ambivalence have changed over time, but the argument remains basically in tact.
Poll Analysis: Americans Are of Two Minds About War in Iraq (LATimes, 2002)
Almost seven in 10 Americans agree (including 44% who agree strongly) that the country should take military action against Iraq only with the support of the international community. This result is basically the same as was found in the same August Times poll when respondents were asked the same question. At that time, 65% of respondents thought the U.S. should not act without the support of a multi-national coalition (including 43% who agreed strongly). This idea is supported by half of political conservatives and 52% of Republicans.
Is it me, or are people pretty clearly saying "No war without the international community's support"? In the 2002 version, the public ambivalence narrative is driven by the 58% who say they would support the President if he decided to go to war.
Poll: USA doubts Iraq success, but not ready to give up (USAToday, 2005)
Most Americans don't believe the United States will succeed in winning the war in Iraq or establishing a stable democracy there, according to a USA TODAY/CNN/Gallup Poll.
But an ambivalent public also says sending troops to Iraq wasn't a mistake, a sign that most people aren't yet ready to give up on the war.
Isn't not believing the war will succeed kind of an indication that people ARE ready to give up? In the 2005 version, ambivalence is not saying the invasion was a mistake.
Pew fired the opening shot for the late 2007 version of the ambivalence argument last Wednesday.
What Could Convince Americans to Stay the Course in Iraq?
National polls this summer have found a majority of respondents believing that the surge has not changed or worsened the "situation in Iraq. So, at the moment the public may seem in no mood to compromise with those of opposing views on Iraq.
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Yet responses to other questions suggest that the public may not be as adamant as it appears at first glance.
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These ambivalent views about the Iraq conflict offer both a dilemma and a possible opportunity for policymakers.
In the report Pew discusses data from July showing that the public favors gradual withdrawal over both immediate withdrawal and staying the course, and is aware of both potential risks and rewards of leaving Iraq. It's worth reading in full, if only because it lays out the way polling data is likely to be used to support the argument for compromise as clearly as I've seen. In 2007 ambivalence is represented by recognizing the potential negative outcomes of withdrawal and by being split on withdrawal tactics.
To be clear, there is quantitative support for individual pieces of this argument. It is true that Americans who favor bringing the troops home are split between removing them gradually or immediately (pdf, p.46). It's also true that none of those people want to see the troops stay in Iraq indefinitely. It is true that Americans recognize potential complications of withdrawal - including civil war (pdf, p. 48) - if troops are withdrawn. It's the conclusion that is suspect.
Given the choice between staying and leaving, the American people prefer to leave. The connection between recognizing complexity and not being adamant about withdrawal is unclear to me. According to the ABC/Washington Post poll out today, of the 58% of Americans who believe forces in Iraq should be drawn down, 62% think we should begin to do so right away. An additional 27% think we should begin by the end of the year. That leaves only 11% who either don't know (2%) or think we should start later than Christmas (9%). Additional questions on separate issues relating to Iraq are not a deeper exploration of people's feelings about withdrawal. Americans have a realistic view of the Iraq situation, have weighed the options, and want to withdraw.
(An aside on the word ambivalent: Ambivalent is often read as being undecided about something, or having no strong opinion. It can also mean having strongly conflicted feelings about an issue. I assume the latter meaning is operative here. When used to describe public opinion, the word ambivalent can then be applied to describe any situation with less than unanimous agreement despite the fact that individuals are not ambivalent at all. Nevertheless, I feel it is misleading to use the word ambivalent to characterize public opinion data that shows Bush's base (ie 30%ish of the country) in favor of action X, and everyone else opposed.)
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