Regarding Eichengreen and O'Rourke's work, Wolf writes:
The bad news is that this recession fully matches the early part of the Great Depression. The good news is that the worst can still be averted.
First, global industrial output tracks the decline in industrial output during the Great Depression horrifyingly closely. Within Europe, the decline in the industrial output of France and Italy has been worse than at this point in the 1930s, while that of the UK and Germany is much the same. The declines in the US and Canada are also close to those in the 1930s. But Japan's industrial collapse has been far worse than in the 1930s, despite a very recent recovery.
Second, the collapse in the volume of world trade has been far worse than during the first year of the Great Depression. Indeed, the decline in world trade in the first year is equal to that in the first two years of the Great Depression. This is not because of protection, but because of collapsing demand for manufactures.
Third, despite the recent bounce, the decline in world stock markets is far bigger than in the corresponding period of the Great Depression.
The two authors sum up starkly: "Globally we are tracking or doing even worse than the Great Depression ... This is a Depression-sized event."
And that is the great unspoken truth that has Versailles whistling past the graveyard.
Wolf goes on to note that our policy response is better than during the Great Depression, but he doesn't point out that the improved response is much more a result of structural realities (built-in social welfare provisions, particularly in Europe, for example, and central bankers who aren't named Greenspan) rather than executive or legislative decision-making:
Yet what gave the Great Depression its name was a brutal decline over three years. This time the world is applying the lessons taken from that event by John Maynard Keynes and Milton Friedman, the two most influential economists of the 20th century. The policy response suggests that the disaster will not be repeated.
Profs Eichengreen and O'Rourke describe this contrast. During the Great Depression, the weighted average discount rate of the seven leading economies never fell below 3 per cent. Today it is close to zero. Even the European Central Bank, most hawkish of the big central banks, has lowered its rate to 1 per cent. Again, during the Great Depression, money supply collapsed. But this time it has continued to rise. Indeed, the combination of strong monetary growth with deep recession raises doubts about the monetarist explanation for the Great Depression.
"[R]aises doubts about the monetarist explanation for the Great Depression"?
Ya think?
Finally, fiscal policy has been far more aggressive this time. In the early 1930s the weighted average deficit for 24 significant countries remained smaller than 4 per cent of gross domestic product. Today, fiscal deficits will be far higher. In the US, the general government deficit is expected to be almost 14 per cent of GDP.
But, of course, the US deficit is anything but well-crafted to fight the depression. Bank bailouts instead of WPA projects does not a good policy response make.
All this is consistent with the conclusions of an already classic paper by Carmen Reinhart of the university of Maryland and Kenneth Rogoff of Harvard.
I've written about Reinhart and Rogoff's work before, for example, in "In Which I Come Out As A Conservative." and "Hundred Days: Four Major Political Themes". They compared the current crisis to a collection of other large financial crises, with suitably sober conclusions about the length of time it would take for recovery to occur.
Turning now to Eichengreen and O'Rourke, here are the original of the four charts that Wolf combined into one, which makes them easier to read. The relatively insignificance of the "green shoots" is particularly visible, along with the probability of a long, hard slog still ahead of us:

Here are some other charts from their paper:
Figure 3. The Volume of World Trade, Now vs Then:
Figure 5. Money Supplies, 19 Countries, Now vs Then:
Figure 6. Government Budget Surpluses, Now vs Then:
And some specific groups of countries.
Large European countries (click on image to enlarge):
Small European countries (click on image to enlarge):
Non-European countries (click on image to enlarge):
Collectively, all the above point to a very long, painful period ahead, something that no one in the Obama Administration or the Democratic Party as a whole is doing anything to help prepare the American to face.
This cannot end well. |