A Question of Balance: Jesse Jackson's 1988 DNC Speech Illuminates False Left/Right Equivalencies

by: Paul Rosenberg

Sat Mar 28, 2009 at 14:15


In a couple of recent diaries (here and here), David's written about a troubling phenomenon: a progressive media outlet warning against progressives seeking to mobilize political power.  I hope to have more to say about this incident later, as there are a number of different sources of confusion layered together in the argument being made against progressive power. But here I want to focus on what I regard as the big one:  the false equivalence between the left and the right, which often depends on elevating form and ignoring substance.

In the second diary, David highlighted this comment from Wendy Norris of the Colorado Independent:

"Calling for party purges and demanding litmus tests has gotten the conservatives into the out-of-power pickle they find themselves in these days. Do progressives really want to follow that losing strategy?"

But is this assumed equivalence really real?  If one looks at the details involved, it surely is not.  The point David was pressing, which apparently got Norris so vexed, concerned lack of support for the Employee Free Choice Act--a popular position across party lines, amongst ordinary people.  And this is entirely typical, as can be seen by recalling an incident earlier this month, in which David Frum emerged as the "voice of reason" smacking down Rush Limbaugh by comparing him to Jesse Jackson.  Arianna Huffington, much to her credit, came to Jackson's defense on Countdown, saying she had re-read his 1988 speech at the Democratic National Convention, and praising it for its empathy and foresight.

It's worth looking back at Jackson's speech, because it truly does represent the sort of progressive vision that timid "progressives" like Norris are so afraid of--including a defense of the working poor that's a powerful reminder of why supporting EFCA should be a no-brainer for Democrats of all stripes.  What Frum said, what Huffington said, and what Jackson said all on the flip.  

Paul Rosenberg :: A Question of Balance: Jesse Jackson's 1988 DNC Speech Illuminates False Left/Right Equivalencies
OLBERMANN:  It is not a very high IQ total, if you were to give it to sum.  Here is a question that occurs to me, this tension between these two parts of this party, is the party going to survive this?  Are we going to come out at some point in the long-term future with two parties who wind up suing each over the use of names like Republican or conservative?  

HUFFINGTON:  Well, that will depend really on whether the so-called good part of the party, the sort of Gingrich, David Frum part of the party comes up with some good ideas.  So far they haven't.  One of the problems I'm having with what David Frum wrote is that he's comparing Limbaugh to the Jesse Jackson of the 1980s.  I went back and re-read Jackson's speech at the '88 convention.  And really it is an incredibly good speech.  He issued a moral challenge to America.  It was very prescient, talking about the greedy even do not benefit long from the greed.  He talks about the people we need to take care of, the people who get up in the morning, take the early buses, as he put it, and go to work in hospitals and hotels, making up the beds we slept in at night.  

God, have you heard anything from Rush Limbaugh that invoked empathy or compassion?  

OLBERMANN:  For himself, yes.  To paraphrase Senator Benson, I know Jesse Jackson and Rush Limbaugh, you are no Jesse Jackson.  Arianna Huffington, founder and editor of HuffingtonPost.com, as always, great thanks for your time, Arianna.  

Now we turn to some of what Huffington was talking about, from Jackson's 1988 DNC speech:.  There are many remarkable things about this speech.  Indeed, Jackson's approval ratings skyrocketed after he gave it--most Americans had never actually heard him speak in more than a soundbite, and their impressions of him were heavily biased by the media.  When they heard this speech, he immediately became one of the most approved-of politicians in America--if not the most approved of.

While Jackson was and is a strong progressive, one of the remarkable things about this speech is how much reaching out there is--just like Barack Obama.  Indeed, if there's one reason I misjudged Obama at first, taking him to be more progressive than he was, it's because I was so well aware of how Jackson--as well as other black progressive--have often spoken in similar terms.  But don't take my word for it.  See for yourself, as Jackson makes the theme of coming together on common ground one of the hallmarks of his speech:

We meet tonight at the crossroads, a point of decision. Shall we expand, be inclusive, find unity and power; or suffer division and impotence?

We've come to Atlanta, the cradle of the old South, the crucible of the new South. Tonight, there is a sense of celebration, because we are moved, fundamentally moved from racial battlegrounds by law, to economic common ground. Tomorrow we will challenge to move to higher ground.

Common ground! Think of Jerusalem, the intersection where many trails met. A small village that became the birthplace for three religions - Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Why was this village so blessed? Because it provided a crossroads there different people met, different cultures, different civilizations could meet and find common ground. When people come together, flowers always flourish - the air is rich with the aroma of a new spring.

Take New York, the dynamic metropolis. What makes New York so special? It's the invitation of the Statue of Liberty, "Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses who yearn to breathe free." Not restricted to English only. (Applause) Many people, many cultures, many languages - with one thing in common, they yearn to breathe free. Common ground!

Tonight in Atlanta, for the first time in this century, we convene in the South; a state where Governors once stood in school house doors; where Julian Bond was denied a seal in the State Legislature because of his conscientious objection to the Vietnam War; a city that, through its five Black Universities, has graduated more black students than any city in the world. (Applause) Atlanta, now a modern intersection of the new South.

Common ground! That's the challenge of our party tonight. Left wing. Right wing.

Progress will not come through boundless liberalism nor static conservatism, but at the critical mass of mutual survival - not at boundless liberalism nor static conservatism, but at the critical mass of mutual survival. It takes two wings to fly. Whether you're a hawk or a dove, you're just a bird living in the same environment, in the same world.

The Bible teaches that when lions and lambs lie down together, none will be afraid and there will be peace in the valley. It sounds impossible. Lions eat lambs. Lambs sensibly flee from lions. Yet when even lions and lambs will find common ground. Why? Because neither lions nor lambs can survive nuclear war. If lions and lambs can find common ground, surely we can as well - as civilized people. (Applause)

The only time that we win is when we come together. In 1960, John Kennedy, the late John Kennedy, beat Richard Nixon by only 112,000 votes - less than one vote per precinct. He won by the margin of our hope. He brought us together. He reached out. He had the courage to defy his advisors and inquire about Dr. King's jailing in Albany, Georgia. We won by the margin of our hope, inspired by courageous leadership.

In 1964, Lyndon Johnson brought wings together - the thesis, the antithesis, and the creative synthesis - and together we won.

In 1976, Jimmy Carter unified us again, and we won. When do we not come together, we never win.

In 1968, the vision and despair in July led to our defeat in November. In 1980, rancor in the spring and the summer led to Reagan in the fall.

When we divide, we cannot win. We must find common ground as the basis for survival and development and change, and growth. (Applause)

Pretty devisive and demagogic, wouldn't you say?  It's all about driving the poor little old centrists out of the party, isn't it?  Talk about a boogie man!  

But Jackson is only getting started.  A little later in the speech, Jackson turns "common ground" into a unifying thematic refrain-note how richly embedded in actual issues this is, in contrast to Obama's far more stripped-down promises of post-partisan change:

Common good is finding commitment to new priorities to expansion and inclusion. A commitment to expanded participation in the Democratic Party at every level. A commitment to a shared national campaign strategy and involvement at every level.

A commitment to new priorities that insure that hope will be kept alive. A common ground commitment to a legislative agenda for empowerment, for the John Conyers bill-- universal, on-site, same-day registration everywhere. (Applause) A commitment to D.C. statehood and empowerment-- D.C. deserves statehood. (Applause) A commitment to economic set-asides, commitment to the Dellums bill for comprehensive sanctions against South Africa. (Applause) A shared commitment to a common direction.

Common ground! Easier said than done. Where do you find common ground? At the point of challenge. This campaign has shown that politics need not be marketed by politicians, packaged by pollsters and pundits. Politics can be a moral arena where people come together to find common ground.

We find common ground at the plant gate that closes on workers without notice. We find common ground at the farm auction, where a good farmer loses his or her land to bad loans or diminishing markets. Common ground at the school yard where teachers cannot get adequate pay, and students cannot get a scholarship, and can't make a loan. Common ground at the hospital admitting room, where somebody tonight is dying because they cannot afford to go upstairs to a bed that's empty waiting for someone with insurance to get sick. We are a better nation than that. We must do better. (Applause)

Common ground. What is leadership if not present help in a time of crisis? So I met you at the point of challenge. In Jay, Maine, where paper workers were striking for fair wages; in Greenville, Iowa, where family farmers struggle for a fair price; in Cleveland, Ohio, where working women seek comparable worth; in McFarland, California, where the children of Hispanic farm workers may be dying from poisoned land, dying in clusters with cancer; in an AIDS hospice in Houston, Texas, where the sick support one another, too often rejected by their own parents and friends.

Common ground. America is not a blanket woven from one thread, one color, one cloth. When I was a child growing up in Greenville, South Carolina my grandmama could not afford a blanket, she didn't complain and we did not freeze. Instead she took pieces of old cloth - patches, wool, silk, gabardine, crockersack - only patches, barely good enough to wipe off your shoes with. But they didn't stay that way very long. With sturdy hands and a strong cord, she sewed them together into a quilt, a thing of beauty and power and culture. Now, Democrats, we must build such a quilt.

Farmers, you seek fair prices and you are right - but you cannot stand alone. Your patch is not big enough. Workers, you fight for fair wages, you are right - but your patch of labor is not big enough. Women, you seek comparable worth and pay equity, you are right - but your patch is not big enough. (Applause)

Women, mothers, who seek Head Start, and day care and prenatal care on the front side of life, relevant jail care and welfare on the back side of life - you are right - but your patch is not big enough. Students, you seek scholarships, you are right - but your patch is not big enough. Blacks and Hispanics, when we fight for civil rights, we are right - but our patch is not big enough.

Gays and lesbians, when you fight against discrimination and a cure for AIDS, you are right - but your patch is not big enough. Conservatives and progressives, when you fight for what you believe, right wing, left wing, hawk, dove, you are right from your point of view, but your point of view is not enough.

But don't despair. Be as wise as my grandmama. Pull the patches and the pieces together, bound by a common thread. When we form a great quilt of unity and common ground, we'll have the power to bring about health care and housing and jobs and education and hope to our Nation. (Standing ovation)

We, the people, can win!

I don't think I'm alone.  I think that an awful lot of progressives--starting in Chicago, Jackson's long-time base of operations--heard Obama's rhetoric of outreach in Jacksonian terms, as a focus on people and their problems circumventing the labels used to divide them, not as an actual repudiation of what some of those labels actually stand for.  And I think that a lot of folks still hear Obama that way.  There is even some truth in it--but, only a remnant, that we have to work very hard to revive.

A bit farther on, Jackson moves into his defense of the working poor, those whom the Democratic Party today seems to have totally forgotten about.  This is something totally unlike what you could expect to hear from Obama.  It is too "unbalanced", too lacking in praise for bankers, insurance executives, oilmen, speculators and entrepreneurs:

I just want to take common sense to high places. If we can bail out Europe and Japan; if we can bail out Continental Bank and Chrysler-- and Mr. Iaccoca, makes $8,000 an hour, we can bail out the family farmer. (Applause)

I just want to make common sense. It does not make sense to close down 650,000 family farms in this country while importing food from abroad subsidized by the U.S. Government. Let's make sense.(Applause)

It does not make sense to be escorting all our tankers up and down the Persian Gulf paying $2.50 for every $1 worth of oil we bring out, while oil wells are capped in Texas, Oklahoma and Louisiana. I just want to make sense.(Applause)

Leadership must meet the moral challenge of its day. What's the moral challenge of our day? We have public accommodations. We have the right to vote.

We have open housing. What's the fundamental challenge of our day? It is to end economic violence. Plant closings without notice-- economic violence. Even the greedy do not profit long from greed-- economic violence.

Most poor people are not lazy. They are not black. They are not brown. They are mostly White and female and young. But whether White, Black or Brown, a hungry baby's belly turned inside out is the same color-- color it pain, color it hurt, color it agony.

Most poor people are not on welfare. Some of them are illiterate and can't read the want-ad sections. And when they can, they can't find a job that matches the address. They work hard everyday. I know, I live amongst them. They catch the early bus. They work every day. They raise other people's children. They work everyday.

They clean the streets. They work everyday. They drive dangerous cabs. They change the beds you slept in in these hotels last night and can't get a union contract. They work everyday. (Applause)

No, no, they're not lazy. Someone must defend them because it's right and they cannot speak for themselves. They work in hospitals. I know they do. They wipe the bodies of those who are sick with fever and pain. They empty their bedpans. They clean out their commodes. No job is beneath them, and yet when they get sick they cannot lie in the bed they made up every day. America, that is not right (Applause) We are a better Nation than that! (Applause)

That's what Jackson had to say about the working poor.  And the working poor are those who have the most to gain from EFCA.  Support for EFCA is not a narrow, leftwing position.  It is not the leftwing mirror reflection of a stem-cell research ban.  It is, quite simply, the continuation of the core promise of the Democratic Party across the generations, to fight for the dignity of the common worker.

And, finally, revealing a strikingly different approach to politics than Obama's calculated caution, Jackson talks about taking on the big challenges:

This generation must offer leadership to the real world. We're losing ground in Latin America, Middle East, South Africa because we're not focusing on the real world. That's the real world. We must use basic principles, support international law. We stand the most to gain from it. Support human rights; we believe in that. Support self-determination, we're built on that. Support economic development, you know it's right. Be consistent and gain our moral authority in the world. I challenge you tonight, my friends, let's be bigger and better as a Nation and as a Party! (Applause)

We have basic challenges - freedom in South Africa. We have already agreed as Democrats to declare South Africa to be a terrorist state. But don't just stop there. Get South Africa out of Angola; free Namibia; support the front line states. We must have a new humane human rights consistent policy in Africa.

I'm often asked, "Jesse, why do you take on these tough issues? They're not very political. We can't win that way."

If an issue is morally right, it will eventually be political. It may be political and never be right. Fanny Lou Hamer didn't have the most votes in Atlantic City, but her principles have outlasted the life of every delegate who voted to lock her out. Rosa Parks did not have the most votes, but she was morally right. Dr. King didn't have the most votes about the Vietnam War, but he was morally right. If we are principled first, our politics will fall in place. "Jesse, why do you take these big bold initiatives?" A poem by an unknown author went something like this: "We mastered the air, we conquered the sea, annihilated distance and prolonged life, but we're not wise enough to live on this earth without war and without hate."

As for Jesse Jackson: "I'm tired of sailing my little boat, far inside the harbor bar. I want to go out where the big ships float, out on the deep where the great ones are. And should my frail craft prove too slight for waves that sweep those billows o'er, I'd rather go down in the stirring fight than drowse to death at the sheltered shore."

We've got to go out, my friends, where the big boats are. (Applause)

This is what Frum sought to equate to Rush Limbaugh.

Nothing could be further from the truth.


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Thanks Paul (4.00 / 5)
If we are principled first, our politics will fall in place.

Indeed they will.

Politics is the art of the possible, but that means you have to think about changing what is possible, not that you have to accept it in perpetuity.


I Often Have Mix Feelings Towards Jackson. (4.00 / 3)
I'm only in my mid-to-late 20s, so obviously my views of him are limited. Like many blacks in this country, I knew of Jackson because of his contributions during the Civil Rights Movement and his relationship with Martin Luther King, Jr. Then there's the caricature of Jackson that one can't help but laugh at on programs like SNL. But it wasn't until I hit late in my teens where politics perked my interests, and me being a lover of history, I became even more engaged to learn about the complexities and depth of black politics. Thus, I began to read many books by historians and political scientists. One of those social scientists that I discovered was Adolph Reed, Jr.

On the one hand you can't help but to respect how solidly progressive Jackson was at a time of conservative dominance. Before Clintonian triangulation, running on a platform that practices the politics of vagueness, here was one of the FEW presidential candidates who spoke honestly about classism, imperialism and racism. But on the other hand, as Adolph Reed, Jr. noted in his book "The Jesse Jackson Phenomenon":

[Jesse] Jackson, like [George] Wallace and the others, presented himself as an embodiment of collectively held values rather than as the representative of an instrumental issue agenda; his claim to authenticity derived from his assertion of a direct relation to a mass constituency-a relation that was presumed to exist outside of and prior to formal political linkages. His campaign to that extent sought to use electoral mechanisms, which are essentially formal and procedural, to validate a leadership relation that is essentially antiformal and antiprocedural.

An irony of this political style, and the leadership model in which it is embedded, is that-while ostensibly popular and immediately representative-it is fundamentally antidemocratic. Antiformalism leaves acclamation as the sole principle of popular validation. However, only at rare moments of widespread popular mobilization, during active, self-regenerative social movements, is this acclamation accessible to public verification. Only in such instances does the mass constituency constitute a discursive community that can steer and discipline leadership. Otherwise, without palpable mechanisms of ratification, no evidentiary base exists from which to determine veracity of leadership claims; nor is there any way for an amorphous, posited constituency to affirm or reject claimants' actions.

In the Afro-American context the antidemocratic character of the organic leadership style has been obscured by the primacy of external linkages to white elites. Protest leadership is beset by the contradiction that certification of its authenticity normally is attained outside the black community. Nevertheless, that leadership status rests on a premise of unmediated representation of a uniform racial totality, and this premise has fostered a model of political authority that is antidiscursive and deemphasizes popular accountability. As this model descends from the realm of interelite negotiation to popular politics, it discloses a hortatory and charismatic aspect which-in the absence of restraints imposed by electoral formalism or a self-propelling, goal-oriented political movement-tends naturally toward authoritarianism.

The organic relation, in the course of eliminating instrumental distinctions between leadership and constituents, also eliminates accountability and-by extension-the principle of representation. Commitment to this organic view, by assuming complete identity of racial interests, inhibits the constituency from participating in the rational articulation of political goals. Thus, the fortunes and preferences of constituents simply are collapsed into those of leadership. No arena exists for debate of the subjectively defined objectives of leadership. Loyalty, then, becomes less a function of adherence to a popular issue agenda than an expression of obedience to leadership's arbitrary definitions of the requirements of the posited racial totality. Because the objectives of leadership and the interests of the constituents are presumed identical, dissent is tantamount to treason. [pp. 34-35]

Again, I was only a small kid around this time, but I can't help but see parallels with Jackson and Obama. I'm sure around this time black folks looked at Jackson the same way they do Obama: an exceptional figure that one can admire as a role model, and any questioning of his politics, any challenge towards his authority will be met with commendation. No doubt, Jackson was/is far more progressive than Obama, and ran on a platform as such; however, his brand of politics, like Obama's, tend to shutout any dissent or critical analysis, even where there's outdated, conservative strands in their ideology.

Which brings me to the role that the Black Church continues to have on black politics. Both Obama and Jackson borrow deeply from the Black Church, whether it's emulating the theatrical showmanship, the cadence, to embracing conservative politicking (i.e. the self-help-personal-responsibility-Horatio-Alger-meets-Booker-T-Washington proclamations one often hears at black churches each Sunday). Here's Reed again about the church's role in black politics:

Assertions that organic, clerical legitimations preempt those [secular] procedures, on the contrary, remove churchly agendas from the arena of orderly public scrutiny and debate. The principle of religious superordination might adequately reflect the preferences of those who identify with the church, but it potentially sabotages democratic organization of the contemporary black polity. This is hardly to deny the possible limitations of electoral proceduralism; however, if commitment to the value of democracy is to be maintained, challenges to the adequacy of proceduralism must emanate from a more open and more extensively participatory standard of representation. Appeal to such a standard is conspicuously absent from notions alleging representative priority of church-based legitimations among Afro-Americans.

The rhetoric of organic or primalistic authenticity surrounding assertions of the church's special political status covers a model of authority that is antithetical to participatory representation. As Frazier indicated, "the pattern of control and organization of the Negro church has been authoritarian, with a strong man in a dominant position." The basis of clerical authority lies outside the temporal world and is not susceptible to secular dispute. The community constituted in the church is not reproduced through open discourse but is bound by consensual acceptance of a relation that vests collective judgment in the charismatic authority of the minister. The status of superordinate ministerial authority can be acquired through vocation or being "called." However, once attained, that status uncouples the minister from the body of the faithful and-because of the assumption of privileged clerical access to divine purposes mysterious to others-exonerates clerical leadership from susceptibility to secular criticism.

This model of authority is fundamentally antiparticipatory and antidemocratic; in fact, it is grounded on a denial of the rationality that democratic participation requires. Diane Johnson, in an essay that includes the distinctive style of black charismatic religion among several factors that led to the massacre at Jonestown, observes that this black religious style devalues "the powers of analysis and penetration that education supposedly confers." Black ministers, she notes, "in particular sustain a traditional style of histrionic worship in which real and false prophets are . . . easily confused." Frazier argues, moreover, that because of its important role in the social organization of the black community, the church's distinctive patterns of authority have exerted a powerful authoritarian force in the elaboration of Afro-American institutions in general, a consequence of which has been a chronic and extensive undervaluation of democratic processes in the black community. The church and religion, Frazier concludes, "have cast a shadow over the entire intellectual life of Negroes." This antiparticipatory and antiintellectual impetus deauthorizes the principle of individual autonomy, which is the basis of citizenship, and-when combined with the church's intrinsically antitemporal eschatological orientation-mandates quietism, political and otherwise. [pp. 56-57]

Again, sorry for the long post. Perhaps the reason why I respond to this because when you posted this speech of Jackson, it reminded me a lot of Obama's, and how they have more similarities (despite the fact Obama and many of his supporters think otherwise) than many people think.


I Agree With Reed's Analysis (4.00 / 3)
And oh how I wish today, that I had the problems of 20 years ago!

Jackson was/is deeply paradoxical.  All the reasons that anti-hierarchical activists, such as those involved with SNCC, distrusted Martin Luther King, were 1000 times more valid with Jackson.  And in this respect, its certainly true that there are strong parallels between Jackson and Obama.

But there are differences as well--and not just in terms of the more progressive positions he took, but in terms of process as well.  I'll just cite one example, because it's a significant one, and it relates to the Afghanistan diary I've just posted.  This goes back to August 1990.  In the immediate aftermath of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, Jackson spoke out condemning Iraq's invasion, basically echoing the rhetoric of Bush I and the rest of the DC establishment.  There was a concerted effort by anti-interventionist progressives to change Jackson's mind, and Jackson not only met with them, he listened, came around to their point of view, and became one of the most outspoken opponents of the rush to war.

Given how Obama has virtually excluded any anti-war views from his foreign policy input, could anyone imagine anything similar in the way of genuine openness to contrary views coming from him?  

I doubt it.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
I Agree With You There. (4.00 / 3)
Even though Obama touts himself as being someone who'll listen to those who disagree with him, he's not as welcoming towards his base -- especially those of a left-wing persuasion -- like Jackson. Perhaps a lot of that has to do with the transformation of the Democratic Party over the last twenty to thirty years. I believe Obama accepted a lot of right wing propaganda during the 80s that it was the "lefties" who destroyed the Democratic Party, and the only way one can bring the party to success is by taking a centrist/conservative-lite strategy that appeals to mainstream America.  

[ Parent ]
I remember being one of those anti-hierarchial types (4.00 / 2)
and the distrust was very, very real.  I recall being conflicted about Jesse back when he was doing Operation Breadbasket and we were doing something else up on W. Madison Street.  But even with all the problems Reed accurately describes, Obama makes Jesse look pretty good by comparison.  Call me dull, I cannot imagine Obama allowing a stand of his to be pushed leftward by anything short of fear for his own political hide.  Certainly not from any kind of principled argument.  Hence I think we have to conduct our public arguments with Obama for the benefit of the actual and potential listeners, of which he is regrettably not one.

Thanks for this illumniating diary, Paul, and Preston for dragging Adolph Reed into it.

"If you want that good feeling that comes from doing things for other people, then you have to pay for it in abuse and misunderstanding..."
Zora Neale Hurston


[ Parent ]
We've Already Seen With FISA (4.00 / 2)
Call me dull, I cannot imagine Obama allowing a stand of his to be pushed leftward by anything short of fear for his own political hide.

Obama's defense of his position was nonsensical to the point of being Bush-like.  There wasn't even the pretense of good faith.  Oh, there was the appearance of the pretense of good faith.  Keeping up appearances is what it's all about.  But that's it.

What's frustrating about Obama to me, however, is that he seems so oblivious to how relentlessly cleaving rightward is endangering his political hide.  It may not look dangerous now, but Bush was once at 90%, and look how he fell.  Stupid policies will destroy you, sooner or later.  And like the song says, "The harder they come, the harder they fall."

I never had a whole lot of hope that Obama would want to move left.  I merely thought he would be smart enough to know when to move left, merely for his own political good.

Apparently, though, not so much.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
Thank you Paul. (4.00 / 2)
It's nice to see that someone is sticking up for Jackson besides me.  I may still be the only white guy in Arkansas that likes him, but maybe if you keep getting the truth out like that things will change.

Check out Blue Arkansas:
http://bluearkansas.blogspot.com/


I'd really like to know (4.00 / 3)
just when it was that a "platform" began to be called a "litmus test."

You Should Read "Democracy Heading South" (4.00 / 2)
by Augustus Cochrane III.  Book info here.  Published in 2001, and still one of the best political books published this decade, IMHO.

He compares the US circa 2000 to the South circa 1950 in VO Key's classic Southern Politics, and argues that a similar politics characterizes both.  The structures are different, he argues, but the functions are similar--like gills vs. lungs.  In the 1950s South, a one-party system functioned primarily like a no-party system, in which each politician acted like an independent political entrepreneur, and in 2000 America, a weakened, de-aligned two-party system functioned like no-party system, again, in which each politician acted like an independent political entrepreneur.

In that sort of environment, of course it makes sense to rebel against party platforms using whatever rhetoric comes to hand.  After all, it's all about taking care of #1.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
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