Making Authoritarians

by: Natasha Chart

Sat Apr 12, 2008 at 06:30


"Mistrust all in whom the desire to punish is imperative." - Johann Wolfgang van Goethe

"The rulers of republics or kingdoms must therefore seek to preserve the principles of their religion. Having done this, they will find it an easy matter to keep the state devout, obedient, and united. They should seek to favor and strengthen every circumstance that tends to enhance religion, even if the themselves judge it to be false. The wiser they are about natural reality, the more they should do this." - Niccolo Machiavelli

Reporters, and bloggers, are people, too. No one wants their whole life to be on record, no one wants for everyone they meet to fear to speak to them or get close out of a concern that all will be an open book. Everyone needs, as the founders recognized in forbidding the courts to compel spouses to testify against each other, people with whom they can speak freely and openly.

But this is also, it seems, why DC political culture is so insane. People with a keen interest in politics uproot themselves from all those they grew up caring about and being comfortable talking to, and move to a city where their most likely cohort of people to make friends with includes many of the same people they're supposed to be dealing with from a public interest perspective.

Everyone needs people to spend our down time with. Needs, not wants. That's just how we work. When humans don't get enough company, their minds get dodgier over time, which is exactly why solitary confinement is a terrible punishment to endure.

And to those people with whom we can be comfortable, whom we come to have affection or respect for, that we can turn to with our problems or share our good times with, we become loyal. We don't want to speak ill of them. We want to protect them, as they protect us, even if it's only from spending too much time alone.

This loyalty, it's a good impulse, often a kind one. But it's also reflexive, instinctive, and ultimately self-protective. Like any other human emotion, it can come from bad or selfish motives, it can be base. If allowed uncritical exercise, it can be a path to vices great and small.

We fear to be on our own, to be exiled, even though that doesn't really happen to people like it used to. Not normal people, anyway.

For most of our history as human beings, being exiled from those close to you and with whom you were likely to share bonds of loyalty, was a death sentence. It stands to reason that those of us who are living today are mainly the children of people who learned easily and well how to be loyal to enough people to keep themselves from having to literally wander in the wilderness by themselves. Our fear of exile, after all that time, is powerful.

If our loyalties haven't been well chosen and stop making sense, we will often still be trapped in them for as long as our fear of being cast out rules us better than our reason.

Exile

So I write from this perspective because I literally was expelled from my tribe, though I chose that path. But only because I was super miserable and unrepentantly noncompliant. Even though I was still middling sure that a horrible fate awaited a rebellious person like myself, I thought it couldn't possibly be worse than living the rest of my life as a Jehovah's Witness.  

Natasha Chart :: Making Authoritarians
It was weird to go. It was 14 years between leaving home and coming to any sort of reconciliation with my family in 2006.

Then, later that year, there was an awkward conversation while I was taking an internship in Costa Rica and hanging out with the other interns. They were all talking about things they remembered from growing up, happy memories. I usually shut the hell up when people get to talking like that, I don't have much to add that wouldn't be either a complete downer, freakish or sort of bland. I usually try to batten down and wait for the subject to pass. Except it didn't. It went on forever, and I kept not saying anything, until eventually the friendly prying started.

I tried not to horrify them, they were nice people who'd had nice lives. And I didn't want, in that moment, to taint them. To take them away from the pleasantries I'd been vicariously enjoying (ah, so people sometimes get to grow up like that, well, doesn't that beat all) and worry them that they'd made me feel bad by being happy about their experiences in front of me.

I told them a little, and I also told them that I'd recently gotten back in touch with my family, and we were starting to get along again. Then one of them asked me how I could even talk to them after everything that happened, which was at last an easy question.

"Because they're my family. I love them."

You can see how it is, that first loyalty. How it can endure time and distance, estrangement and bad feeling. So it is, naturally, that it can be a bit hard to talk about them in ways that put them in a bad light. Because they're my family. I love them.

On the Benefits of Dirty Laundry

But two things happened in the last day that made me think I really should talk about some of what went on in our house, in our lives.

First, a friend told me about this letter to Dan savage:

Four months ago, my mom walked in on me messing around with my boyfriend in our garage. I'm also a boy, age 15, and I hadn't gotten around to coming out to my parents yet. I felt bad that my mom had to find out by seeing what she saw. I stayed in my room crying until my father came home. They called me down to the kitchen and told me they loved me and that they were very, very sorry if they had ever done or said anything that made me feel like I couldn't be open with them about who I am.

My boyfriend is 17. He came out to his parents at Christmas, and our parents met for the first time last night. We don't have a question. We just wanted to thank you and thank all the other gay people who came out back when it was much tougher to do so. Our parents wouldn't have reacted the way they did if it weren't for all you guys that already came out.

Then, another friend sent me an article that they thought it would help me to read. It hurt to read it, I was sort of a basketcase all last evening, but they were right. Going behind closed doors in Christian Right households was like a punishment to read, or rather, it brought up a lot of very disused memories with a visceral immediacy that it's hard to account for. From the article, emphasis mine:

... This leads us to the third aspect of a Christian Right home: the subordination of women. "Obedience is the most necessary ingredient to be required from the child," writes Reverend Jack Hyles, late pastor of First Baptist Church of Hammond, Indiana and author of 49 books and pamphlets. "This is especially true for a girl, for she must be obedient all her life. The boy who is obedient to his mother and father will some day become the head of a home; not so for the girl. Whereas the boy is being trained to be a leader, the girl is being trained to be a follower." It's an unashamed, old-fashioned vision of oppression updated in The Natural Family: A Manifesto. "We do believe wholeheartedly in women's rights," write Carlson and Mero. "Above all, we believe in rights that recognize women's unique gifts of pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding."

... And so the fourth characteristic of a Christian Right home is that children are born evil and can become good only through a Godly mixture of love and punishment. "One does not have to teach antisocial behavior to toddlers," writes right-wing family psychologist John Rosemond in a 2006 column, syndicated in 225 newspapers. "They are by nature violent, deceitful, destructive, rebellious, and prone to sociopathic rages if they do not get their way." ...

Do you understand that this isn't some fictional dramatization? That it isn't a missive from some impoverished country whose leader's name George Bush needs to sound out about fifty times before he can say it without embarassing all of us? That it refers to the home lives of people you might work with, that children are being raised thinking that way, in this country, in your town or city, right sodding now? Do you?

I only ask because in all the many years I've been away from home, I've rarely run into the sorts of people who respond with anything besides incredulity to the slightest brush of this truth. And people need to know. They need to know the damage it does so that one day, authoritarian repression in families will start following homophobia's slow slide into irrelevance, and so these very hard core sects stop seeming so damn cute to people who know frak all about them.  

It needs to be talked about.

Spare the Rod: Vignettes

- Jehovah's Witnesses don't have Sunday school for the kiddies. There are five hours of church services a week, two blocks of two hours in the church (properly, a Kingdom Hall) and a one hour group study discussion that's usually held in someone's home. All children old enough to be considered toddlers are supposed to be learning to keep still and silent during services.

- When one of my sisters was little, she got away from my mom and broke for the front of the Hall. The Brother (they're all Brothers and Sisters) giving the talk interrupted it to glare at my mother and sternly command her to "Get that baby!"

- When I was just old enough to start having memories of walking around, talking and operating doors, my father caught me hidden away somewhere with my pants down, playing with myself. I remembered that very clearly for years, I remembered the look in his face, how very angry he was, and exactly where I was when this happened, though it's hazier now. I remembered that he took me to my mom sitting in the dining room and ordered me to tell her what I'd been doing. I have never retained any memory, at all, of what happened after that.

It wasn't until my late teens that I registered even the faintest sexual sensation again, and it was pretty iffy for a long time into my twenties.

- When I was about five, my father died. (No, it's all right. It was a long time ago.) He was very well known. He and my mom had given up a lot to be extra devout, to give his time as an Elder, to move often in order to spend time in areas "where the need was greater," all up and down the State of California, where both my parents had been born. He had at least three funeral services at different congregations, but I don't remember the exact number, I was small. Anyway, my younger sister was always the one who remembered numbers.

At the funeral service for him that my family attended, I started to cry. My mom leaned over and told me to stop. I wasn't to disrupt the sermon. I stopped.

- For as long as I could remember when I was small, I had a horror of my mom's jar of wooden spoons. They were nerve racking. She had a big pizza paddle with a broad handle, and it was a joke (funny, ha ha) that my name was written on one side of the handle in my favorite color crayon, and my younger sister's on the other side in her favorite color. But the thin ones were the ones she used; they hurt the most, they left the worst bruises.

Spoil the Girl: A Ramble

Though they've softened their message, in reflection of the economic realities mentioned in the article, the Jehovah's Witnesses used to strongly discourage women from working outside the home. All young people were discouraged from going to college, and this is also less true today, but especially young women. I slacked in school, no one was ever going to let me go to college and study anything interesting.

Also, I wanted to be virtuous, you know. That was the only mark of real status a person had in that society, especially if you weren't male.

See, if you were a woman in your 60s, you might have put in several decades of intensive proseletyzing through knocking on people's doors and studying with likely prospects in their homes. You might expect to know by then nearly all the useful scriptures, or how easily to find them, by heart. You might have practiced all the rhetoric of faith for so long, studied so much and been such a careful attendee of meetings, that you were practically a walking encyclopedia of the doctrine.

And yet. If you were such a woman at an informal prayer meeting before going out in Service (knocking on doors), even though you might be the most senior and experienced person there, a teenage boy had precedence over you to say the prayer for the group. Though if it were just women, you'd do.

That rankled. Not as much as the story of Tamar, but there you are. It set wrong with me, like the woman who considered it disrespectful to say 'oh, man,' because men were supposed to be the heads of, well, everything.

Though it isn't just Witnesses that think these things. Don't comfort yourself that it's only some odd little sect you barely have to hear about. No.

It's like the far Right Evangelical coworker I had who took me to lunch one day with a friend of hers. My coworker was married, didn't have kids, and had come to religion later in life. Her friend was divorced, with a deadbeat drunk of an ex and three kids. The oldest, a teenage girl, had started getting into trouble. The preteen boy had some minor developmental problems. I don't remember the story with the toddler.

My coworker's suggestion for dealing with the girl's behavioral problems was to say that she should be encouraged to look to her brother for leadership, and that the boy needed to start being the man around the house. Yeah. Because what a troubled teenage girl without a stable father figure needs is to be told to be obedient to a developmentally challenged younger boy.

I was a temp worker at the time, at the end of a rocky marriage that I'd gotten into as a teenage girl with zero self-esteem, mainly because I'd been told I was worth less all my life and that I should always defer my own judgment to that of others. I could also have been fired for no reason at all and it was the best job I'd ever had at that point. I chose to be a coward and kept my mouth shut as my coworker advised her friend on how to ruin her daughter's life even further.

Results, or, the Inevitable Consequence

All that sounds perhaps frustrating. Maybe the horror of it isn't really clear. So I'll tell you what happens when people live together like that, with the punishment mentality, the sex hatred, the misogyny, and don't see anything wrong with it.

When I was 6 or 7, a young woman who was close to my family and was old enough to leave home went to a party with some "worldly" young people. She went into a room with a boy, they made out, and at some point, she asked him to stop. But he didn't. No one at the party came to help her and she was raped.

Then she turned to her community, those people to whom she had the strongest ties of loyalty, the group to which her family belonged.

And the Elders of my church Disfellowshipped her for having been so unwise as to go to a party like that. She stayed in disfavor for a year. So in the year after she was raped, she was able to live with her grandmother who wasn't a Witness, but she couldn't visit her mother or siblings. None of her childhood friends could speak to her at all and she wasn't supposed to try and make new friends who weren't Witnesses.

She was very dear to me. Every year I've been alive, her story has made me more angry and sad than it did the previous year.

Meanderings and an Ending of Sorts

At base, it's all a cruel and horrible way for people to treat each other. It's a vile way to force children to see life. To tell them they're evil, bad, and can only be redeemed at the whim of an angry and capricious deity whose wrath they see embodied in the 'loving correction' through beatings administered by their parents. It creates in them a fearful relationship to what they see as a senseless and intrinsically ugly world.

This is nothing to do with Christianity, as such, because I dare you to find me anywhere that Jesus said people should act this way. You'll never do it. And I promise that you'll find the same messed up home lives, to one degree or another, in every society where authoritarianism is practiced.

This is where the sicknesses come from, the diseases of the mind that turn people into automatons.

Even if you didn't live in a house like mine, and can't fathom that there are even worse ones, that's where they come from. This is the foundation of authoritarian behaviors and desires. This is the vein of fear, guilt, terror, and retreat to traditions that everyone always hated anyway, that allows bad leaders to commit huge crimes and cover them up with devotion to petty moralisms.

The love of money may well be the root of all evil, but the authoritarian plague is the root of all blindness to evil. The ties that bind us into obedience and hide from us the failings of those whose approval we fear to lose.

Though you have to understand, even when I was a ball of newly escaped anger and wrathful spite, even when I was young enough to believe that I hated my family, I loved them. And they loved me; as they do now, as they always have. When I'm around them now, our shared quirks and gestures give me a tremendous sense of comfort. We fall so easily into a smooth fabric of conversation, such that it can't be denied that we belong to each other. It's just unfortunate that we ended up knowing each other under the circumstances we did.

If you want to feel in yourself where authoritarianism comes from, so you really get that it isn't something that can only happen to 'other' people, you can't hate my family nor pity me. Then you won't see anything useful at all.

(And if you'd like to apply hate or pity to some other situation that I don't know of, erm, go for it if you must. But bear with me, here.)

Where are your loyalties? How well, and why, have you chosen them? What will you do for, or overlook on behalf of, the people you owe them to?

Those are the feelings you have in common with me, with my family, with all the people who live today or have lived before us. It's in what are potentially these best and strongest of our emotions that the seeds of all our cruelty, our undoing, lie.

That bell tolls for all of us, as they say. What will you do to check this impulse in yourself, to keep from passing it into the future?

"Language creates spooks that get into our heads and hypnotize us." - Robert Anton Wilson


Tags: , , , , (All Tags)
Print Friendly View Send As Email
Pre-emptive exile. (4.00 / 6)
First, amazing essay.  This is really wonderful stuff, and I'm happy to see it on the front page here.  I'll read everything you write in the future with much closer interest, now that I have a clearer idea where you're coming from.  Thank you.

Second, (and I apologize that this is a relatively short and shallow comment, the hour is too late for the kind of thoughtful considered response this essay truly deserves) -- on the exile subject.  I grew up in a Southern Baptist household in suburban Houston (DeLay's district, actually).  The possibility that I might be gay occurred to me when I was about 14, and I aggressively denied it.  By 17 it was looking to me like a likely though still very unwelcome outcome, by 19 I knew but could not confess it, and by 21 I was able to start telling key friends in a non-miserable way.  My parents and the disapproving parts of my community didn't find out until I was almost 23.

Over the course of this period of time, I got the chance to slowly exile myself from my own community, because I knew the truth about me while they did not.  I had literally years to privately and secretly, in my own mind, disentangle myself from their judgments.  While this was a very unpleasant process (there were at least a couple years of real depression in here), I seldom think about the blessing that those years of mental privacy were.  If my community, family especially included, had known what I was learning all through 14 and 16 and 18 and 20, they would have come crashing down on me like an entire buildingful of bricks, with social pressure and manipulative rhetoric and controlling and ostracizing behavior and all the rest.  It was difficult enough to extricate myself from their mental traps as it was, in the privacy and quiet of my own mind.  If they had gotten the chance to actively fuck with my head through all the years when I was trying to do that, I have no idea where I'd be.  In a Good Christian Marriage, six feet underground, and a semi-homeless runaway are just a few of the possibilities.

Anyway, I don't think it's ever explicitly occurred to me to be grateful for the mental breathing room that I got, by virtue of the fact that I knew this emerging truth about me for years while they and most others did not.  It had certainly occurred to me that if they had known, my life would have instantly become hell (first stop, that Christian gay-re-education boot camp thing in Tennessee).  I knew then and now that my sanity and autonomy depended on their not knowing.  But the flip side of that coin, the fact that I can be specifically grateful for the fact that they didn't know, hadn't really come to me yet.  I got to conduct my own exile very very slowly and in private, and that's a very good thing compared to the other possibilities.

Anyway, that's a cool and interesting thing to realize about your own life, so thank you for leading me there.


Thank you so much. (4.00 / 2)
Thank you, thank you. You bravery is amazing, your strength is inspirational. The good you have done here, for all of us, is immense. A free human being, with a working mind, with compassion and I hope a loving sharing sex life, revealed and proudly declared for us all to see, this is a gift. Thank you. So first thanks for becoming you. Thats your first gift  to us.

It didn't have to be that way, you created the spaces around yourself to grow in, mostly in pain, allowed that citizen, that lover and that thinker to emerge and bloom. We would, all of who know you, be worse off if you hadn't had the courage to make that journey, thank you. Natasha Chart could have been a follower, a beaten down woman, a shell of a human being, possibly actively working to diminish others lives, working to restrict other's thinking. Natasha could have been a drone, suffering and self-hating, trapping others in authoritarian lives. You didn't, and not to discount any encouragement you got, you made the journey yourself.

Also, you came out. Revealing your pain, showing what the 'silly rants' actually do to the lives of the people who live in the world the right-wing Christians. I admit I have shaken my head in disbelief too often, laughed at the ludicrous statements of female obedience, chortled at sex-shamed, self hating people who were in reality suffering and making others suffer. To be reminded that real people, real children, live these lives of angry delusion, is a sobering reminder. I am reminded to look with greater compassion, reminded that this isn't just politics, or that politics isn't just organizing. The "personal is political" never had such a strong argument.

I hope this sparks others to come out. The connection to coming out as a sane person who has compassion and respect for herself is exactly the same as the gay teen who comes out. Each stops hating his or herself merely because they have been told to.  Each helps others become themselves, each allows all of us the space to become ourselves.

And I hope this spurs us all to give young and old right-wing christians, (and any other authoritarian community) a little compassion as well, to let them know that they don't have to submit to arbitrary authority anymore, dont have to continue the self-hating.

I am moved and I am grateful Natasha, you have done a real service. I have never let the Jehovah's Witnesses feel shunned when they come to my door, and if I have time, I engage them in frank compassionate polite discussion. I am sure that they are told not to return by their leaders, and told that I am the devil or whatever. But I hope my words and manner help any that are looking for a way out, like you took.

I hope this encourages others to see those trapped inside authoritarian communities with more compassion. I hope others come out.

Change
"We must break up the banks and never again let them get so big that they distort our politics and take down the economy.


All I Can Say Is (4.00 / 6)
I hope you're writing a book.

Seriously.

This is very powerful, very important stuff.  It is defintely not some fringe experience.  It's just more intense--and hence, unfortuantely--more clearly comprehensible.

But consider, your first few paragraphs could easily have been an introduction to a diary about the Versailles media, and how their social ties and fear of ostracism keep them blindly writing stories with little or no relationship to reality, and, even more importantly, defending one another from attack by DFHs like us.

And that's just an extreme, well-known example of the myriad ways in which authoritarian group dynamics have warped and corroded our society.  Terrible as the individual stories like yours undoubtedly are, it's even worse that deeply scarred individuals carry these ways of being from one group setting to another, from one institutional setting to another, much less, from one generation to another.

So, I repeat, I hope you are writing a book, Natasha.  This very much needs to be made the subject of profound and widespread attention.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


Authoritarians (4.00 / 3)
If you have seen it yet you may be interested in the psychological investigations of Robert Altemeyer. He has been studying the authoritarian personality type for over 40 years,

He has a free, online book summarizing his researches on his web site: theAuthoritarians.com

It probably won't tell you anything you don't already know from personal experience, but you might find it interesting to see the characteristics presented in a formalized (and funny) way.

Policies not Politics


Thanks (4.00 / 1)
"Like a window in your heart...everybody sees the wind blow..."  Paul Simon sang that.

Just one of the illuminating insights I hope readers of your post see is how different is the world view of what G. Lakoff calls the Strict Parent, or authoritarian mind. We too often believe that Reason prevails, that if we just give them the facts they will come around to our way of thinking.

But our "facts" are not facts to people who have been shaped that all life is about discipline and obedience, that authority's first principle is its own maintenance. 'Course, their facts are not ours, either. Why, we often asked, did so many Americans not see Bush's lies as lies. Well, they didn't recognize the lies because to them, authority cannot lie. The obedient see as true anything that maintains the authority they obey.

But I think I'll stop and just ask anyone who sees this minor comment to go back and reread your post. It's wiser than anything I might add.


Boy Howdy! (0.00 / 0)
This really is a harrowing look into the heart of what the Strict Father worldview comes out of.

I certainly appreciate the way Lakoff chose to focus on the relatively restrained perscriptions of Dobson's Dare To Discipline as his point of reference.  But it's equally important, at this point, for folks to be exposed to the not-so-restrained as-lived-in-real-life version.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
Maybe more important (0.00 / 0)
Getting a glimpse of the "as-lived-in-real-life-version," as you say, is crucial, and one reason I stopped my comment so quickly. It felt very awkward to be abstracting off of this so-human experience.

[ Parent ]
Thank you, all (4.00 / 8)
Thanks for your kind comments. I really appreciate them, though I think for right now I've said all I want to about this.

Thank you. (0.00 / 0)
Will be thinking about this all weekend.  

I'm crying (0.00 / 0)
Thank you for writing this.  And I can't help but think about those women and girls that were rescued in that Texas raid as I read this.  Here's to hoping that we can eventually live in a world where everyone is free to tell their own story.

Donate to Open Left








Friends of the Earth thanks the OpenLeft community for the ideas you generate and your contributions to the progressive movement.

As an anti-spam measure, there is a 24-hour waiting period after registering before new users can comment.
blog advertising is good for you
blog advertising is good for you
SEARCH

   

Advanced Search