Efficiency vs. Effectiveness

by: Paul Rosenberg

Sat Jan 16, 2010 at 17:30


"Efficiency is doing things right; effectiveness is doing the right things." Peter F. Drucker

A range of people have commented about CQ's analysis showing that Barack Obama has achieved a record level of success in winning congressional votes on issues where he took a position.  Many people would take this to be a measure of presidential effectiveness.  Many people would be wrong.  It's a measure of presidential efficiency, nothing more, nothing less.

For me, given all that's happened--and all that hasn't--over the past year, the most obvious comment would be, "So?"  When you haven't done what needs to be done, no other measure really matters, even especially if it purports to show that you're number one.

Here's the chart of CQ's data, back to when they first started keeping track. Note how good Bill Clinton looked in 1993/1994.  Note that one of the "big" wins that contributed to his near-record performance was the passage of NAFTA:

Paul Rosenberg :: Efficiency vs. Effectiveness
NPR spun it as a great success in the lede, and continued in that tone for several paragraphs:

CQ: Obama's Winning Streak On Hill Unprecedented
by Don Gonyea

In his first year in office, President Obama did better even than legendary arm-twister Lyndon Johnson in winning congressional votes on issues where he took a position, a Congressional Quarterly study finds.

The new CQ study gives Obama a higher mark than any other president since it began scoring presidential success rates in Congress more than five decades ago. And that was in a year where Obama tackled how to deal with Afghanistan, Iraq, an expanding terrorist threat, the economic crisis and battles over health care.

Unprecedented Success Rate

Obama has been no different from his predecessors in that he's always ready to send a firm message to the other end of Pennsylvania Avenue as he "urges members of Congress" to come together and act. All presidents demand specific action by Congress - or at least they ask for it. But when you look at the votes of 2009 in which Obama made his preference clear, his success rate was unprecedented, according to John Cranford of Congressional Quarterly.

"His success was 96.7 percent on all the votes where we said he had a clear position in both the House and the Senate. That's an extraordinary number," Cranford says.

The previous high scores were held by Lyndon Johnson in 1965, with 93 percent, and Dwight Eisenhower, who scored 89 percent in 1953. Cranford notes that George W. Bush's score hit the high 80s in 2001, the year of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. But Obama surpassed them all, Cranford says.

But then a tad more realism slipped in, without, apparently, any consciousness of the tension between the two accounts (emphasis added):

He Picked His Battles

A major reason for Obama's record high score this year: Democrats took away a significant number of seats from Republicans in the 2006 and 2008 elections, resulting in big majorities in the House and Senate for the president's party.

But Sarah Binder, a congressional analyst at the Brookings Institution, says there's another key reason he scored so well. She says he only took an official position on issues that were really important to him - those that he knew he had a very good chance of winning. He picked his battles carefully.

"He can do that because he's been in the Senate, his staff has been in the House and he understands the process here. They are consummate congressional insiders in understanding how this works," Binder says.

Binder says the intense partisanship in Congress these days, a condition underlined in a separate CQ vote study, meant that Democrats were more likely to rally around the president each and every time he asked them to - if only to deny the Republicans a victory.

It's certainly true that Obama's staff seems entirely tuned to the internal political reality of Versailles Congress.  And totally oblivious to reality or public opinion.  "Health care reform" alone is enough to prove that beyond a reasonable doubt.  

Matt Yglesias pointed out the obvious in response to this story:

In part we're seeing that an administration staffed, from the White House on down, with veterans of the Hill has a very good sense of what can pass congress and what you need to do to get congress to pass it.

That said, I continue to think that this approach may prove counterproductive in the midterms. The kind of activists who you need to give money, volunteer, and urge their friends to vote like to see the President they worked to elect out there fighting against the bad guys. Watching him sound out where the pivotal member stands, and then leaning on everyone to his left to get in line is demoralizing.

But NPR's next paragraph after that unintentionally revealing quote is a giant step back towards stupidland, since that "rally around the president" effect has been so notably lacking on health care, the one issue that's dominated attention for months on end.  The effect is so clearly limited to relatively minor matters that it's downright embarrassing to see anyone try to pretend otherwise.

Just after that, though, the story takes its most dramatic turn of all toward honest reporting:

The Downside Of Compromise

But another contributing factor here may prove more controversial for the president and his party. That's his willingness to negotiate and to compromise. For example, as much as the president said he wanted a public option as part of a health care bill, the final legislation won't have one. But that's not counted as a loss for the president under the scoring of this survey.

It sure would be nice if all the alters involved in writing that story could get together and talk.

Things were even worse when Rachel Maddow decided to take the tack of dealing with this story under the banner of "Conventional Wisdom Fail" (see, Obama is too a raging success!) And it went from bad to worse when she brough on Michael Beschloss, in full-on lamitude mode:

MADDOW: Empirically, whether or not you like Obama's policies, but from a pure quantitative perspective in terms of what this president has done-how does President Obama's first year stack up against previous presidencies?

BESCHLOSS:  Well, he is the equal of Franklin Roosevelt in his first year, LBJ in 1965 or Ronald Reagan in 1981.  You know, Obama last year, or two years ago during the campaign, kept on saying, "I want to be a transforming president," like Roosevelt, like Johnson, like Reagan.  And the breadth of the kind of things he has done-you're absolutely right to talk about them-I think suggests that that's what he's going to be.

MADDOW:  In terms of the challenges that he faced, the president talked about, has he been-almost joked about the fact that nobody could have ever guessed that Iraq would almost be considered a backburner issue for this presidency.

BESCHLOSS:  Absolutely.

MADDOW:  That he'd be dealing with the economy.  Can you give us some historical context for what challenges he was handed?

BESCHLOSS:  It's almost unique in the last century.  When FDR came in in 1933, we were in a terrible Great Depression, but in terms of foreign policy, the world was fairly quiet.  And Roosevelt could spend his first term basically concentrating on the economy.

If you look at a case, for instance, like LBJ coming in in 1963, had to deal with the death of John Kennedy.  But, again, the world was relatively quiet.  He was able to concentrate on his domestic program.

In contrast, look at Obama coming in just a year ago.  We were teetering--as you said--on the brink of another Great Depression.  We had two wars, a struggle with terrorism.  This is someone who had to deal with things on all sorts of fronts and engage with every single one of them.

News flash: Al Qaeda is NOT the Soviet Union or Red China.  The military threats in LBJ's world dwarfed those in Obama's no matter how much Bush/Cheney koolaid the denizens of Versailles may drink.  What's more, the mere fact that you face a major crisis such as the financial meltdown doesn't really count for much if your response is basically to turn your back on it.

Comparing Obama to FDR is nothing short of laughable.  Heck, even on foreign policy, FDR's Good Neighbor Policy was more profound than anything Obama has done. But even the comparison to LBJ is patently absurd as well.  Here's a list of Johnson's major accomplishments in his Great Society agenda that were passed in 1965, his first year after winning election on his own:

Civil rights

* Voting Rights Act of 1965
* Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965

War on Poverty

* Upward Bound
* Head Start

Education

* Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
* Higher Education Act of 1965

Health
* Medicare
* Medicaid

Arts and Culture
* National Endowment for the Arts
* National Endowment for the Humanities

Consumer protection
* Cigarette Labeling Act of 1965

Environment
* Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965
* Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965
* Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act of 1965

The Civil Rights or health care accomplishments alone dwarf everything that Obama has accomplished this year.  But one doesn't even have to look at such mega-epochal pieces of legislation.  Consider how profoundly America has been changed by the Cigarette Labeling Act, or the Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act.  (Conventional wisdom has it that Nixon was the great turning-point environmentalist President.  Conventional wisdom is wrong again.) The comparison between Obama and LBJ is not even close to being close.  

LBJ was an effective President.  Obama is an efficient one.  The difference is night and day.  The only real valid comparison between the two men is that Obama is doubling down on LBJ's tragic mistake in Vietnam with his own embrace of the neo-cons brain-dead "long war" ideology.


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I wish I could have faith in Obama but I don't. (0.00 / 0)
I have to change the channel every time I see his face. This country badly needs another LBJ.

Extraordinary progressive star in the making

Well, Obama's halfway there (4.00 / 2)
He's got the "escalate an unwinnable foreign war" part down pat. The "sweeping domestic initiatives such as Medicare and the Civil Rights Act" part, not so much.

[ Parent ]
That's why (4.00 / 1)
I change the channel.

Extraordinary progressive star in the making

[ Parent ]
So, the CQ study favors quantity over quality? (4.00 / 1)
A president only needs to pick his battles right, always chose the position which is most likely to pass trough Congress, and not care at all about achieving real change, and he's a superhero? Who came up with this idiotic way of scoring? It's ridiculous!

Well, It's Not Idiotic, Really (4.00 / 1)
Just narrow & technical.

What's idiotic is making it into something a whole lot more than it really is.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
I beg to differ. (4.00 / 1)
It's very well known what Obama promised, or at least "promised", during his campaign. If he now supports something different, just because that's much easier to get through Congress, it doesn't make sense to give him good scores for that. Promising something, but doing something different - not even a six year old would give good rates for such a behaviour. And it's simply irrational for a grown up publication to have a less reasonable judgment than a first grader. That's what I call idiotic.

[ Parent ]
And example for this (0.00 / 0)
Well, it's the first graders birthday, and he desperately wants a blue donkey with pink dots. His daddy boldly promises him he will get one. But then he tells everybody, his friends, the other guys at the job, his bowling club, etc etc only that he'll buy a donkey for his son's birthday. And when the great day comes, there's only a gray donkey in the gift box, because that's what the lazy dad found at the local Toys'r'us, and he didn't want to go through the effort to dye it, which would have been possible. Now, what do you think that guy will hear from his offspring? Fantastic, dad, you're the greatest? Prolly not.

But that's how CQ would score that, because, after all, the father publicly declared he'll buy a donkey, and he got one. It doesn't matter that dad broke his real promise, and that junior is in tears. That's an idiotic way of scoring something.


[ Parent ]
Yes, But (0.00 / 0)
That's precisely why the USE of the measure is idiotic.

The measure itself isn't stupid.  If it's used intelligently it isn't taken to mean anything more than it says.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
Hmm, sry, I'm not convinced (4.00 / 1)
To me, this still looks as if CQ gives the same score to both field goals and touchdowns. As long as the system doesn't differentiate between easy and difficult accomplishments, it's rather useless.

[ Parent ]
I agree with Gray's conclusions on this (0.00 / 0)
To use your own description of Obama's presidency, the CQ measure, while technically competent or efficient, is not effective. It does not measure success of a new president in terms of what the new president promised to do.

Perhaps this is part of the problem. If the mainstream media, which can make or break an election campaign, define success of a presidency in terms of quantity of what gets passed in Congress, there is no incentive to do the right thing.

OTOH main stream media might pick up on Gray's point, but that's a long shot.

Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.

George Santayana, The Life of Reason, Volume 1, 1905


[ Parent ]
"Issues where he took a position" (0.00 / 0)

  Both of them?

   

"We judge ourselves by our ideals; others by their actions. It is a great convenience." -- Howard Zinn


Strange coincidence (4.00 / 5)
I was saying this morning that Obama needed to take a page from FDR's book (Good Neighbor Policy) and do something profound about Haiti.  And jobs.

Beschloss must have gone senile.  "Fairly quiet" in 1933?  That's the year Hitler took over Germany.  He also, like the rest of Versailles, gives no credit to FDR for passing Social Security or unemployment insurance and to LBJ for passing Medicare and Medicaid.  Want to know what kept America from falling off a cliff?  Check the accomplishments of FDR and LBJ.


Let's Just Say That Beschloss Is A National Embarrrasment (4.00 / 1)
and leave it at that, okay?

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3

[ Parent ]
By CQ's standards, JFK acted really dumb (4.00 / 2)
"We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy - but because they are hard!"
According to CQ, politically total nonsense! Much too risky and difficult to accomplish. He should have declared instead he wants to get a national firework on December 31st passed through Congress! Same score, no risk, no effort.

that, well, larger point (4.00 / 1)
When you haven't done what needs to be done, no other measure really matters

Yes, indeed.

You can be an effective and/or efficient Nazi, Communist, racist, sexist, classist etc etc.

What Obama and the DLC Democratic Congress are more rather than less effective and efficient regarding is building and then sustaining the Bilderberger agenda of state socialism for the very rich and powerful crony capitalists who run the world. Or this part of the world in any event.

Now, what the liberal and progressive opponents of this agenda have been so much less rather than more effective and efficient regarding is changing this agenda.

The Civil Rights or health care accomplishments alone dwarf everything that Obama has accomplished this year.

Yes, indeed.

And why is that? Because civil rights and health care accomplishments back than came about as a result of powerful mass movements from below.

So, to concentrate instead on the difference between LBJ's effectiveness and BHO's efficiency, misses that, well, larger point?


Yes, the difference between (4.00 / 2)
efficiency and effectiveness has long been one of the axes I grind.  People don't seem to get the difference.

it's a reflection of how low our standards have become (4.00 / 4)
that the fact that Obama is willing to sign some modestly useful legislation that Bush wasn't (e.g. Ledbetter) is hailed as a great advance.

We have become so accustomed to mendacious mediocrity that we expect nothing more from our politicians than to be pandered to in a slightly more pleasing fashion than the opposing party's candidate. For what was "hope" and "change you can believe in" all about, if not that?

The generation that witnessed the FDR presidency is mostly dead. It has been forty-five years since we saw any really sweeping domestic reforms like Medicare or the Civil Rights Act.

We have no frame of reference from which to judge greatness, therefore we are content to be told what greatness is by the defenders of the status quo--those whose job it is to paint shit yellow and call it gold.

I see no way out of this endless race to the bottom, except for things to get much worse very quickly.



I admit my standards have been lowered (0.00 / 0)
by both Republican governance and, more importantly, the low caliber of almost every Democrat running for federal office since I started following politics circa 2000.

Thus, I give President Obama a lot of credit for his budget, Ledbetter, SCHIP, and a few other good but (relative to things like health care reform and climate change action) token acts.

As bad as we think Obama might be, he's still probably better than John Kerry or Al Gore would've been. (I have never bought into the newfound liberal hype for Gore.  Aside from climate change (of which his position on and advocacy for are nothing new) and opposition to the Iraq war, what's so great about him?)

That said, I don't know if we're ever going to be able to get a true liberal (e.g. a Ted Kennedy/Dennis Kucinich/Bernie Sanders/CPC type) into the White House.


[ Parent ]
... if all you want to do ... (4.00 / 4)
In Citizen Kane, Kane's business manager responds to the reporters' observation that Kane made "an awful lot of money."  Mr Bernstein (played by the inimitable Everett Sloane) says:  "It's no trick to make a lot of money, if all you want to do is make a lot of money."

Citizen Obama seems to have the lesser ambition that the reporter thought important.  But still:  There's no trick to getting a lot of bills passed, if all you want to do is get a lot of bills passed.


Obama's efficiently divided the country to smithereens (4.00 / 1)
Whatever his other efficiencies, he's failed to unite the country; he's made us more divided than ever. Bad as Bush in the year after 9/11.

they both promised to transcend partisanship (0.00 / 0)
Bush was supposed to be a "uniter not a divider," while Obama claimed that "we are not just a collection of red states and blue states," but that "we are the United States of America."

Both, of course, proceeded to do the exact opposite of what they promised to do. Bush by being authoritarian, Obama by being waffling and indecisive. And so the partisan chasm yawns ever greater.


[ Parent ]
That's something you can't reasonably accuse Obama of (0.00 / 0)
He has reached across the aisle time and again, stomped for bipartisanship in legislative matters, and his strong desire to get rethuglicans on board has held up the healthcare bill for months, a delay that may have doomed the reform. So, actually, his goal to unite the polarized parties is what makes him so ineffective! Going for the lowest common denominator is a proven and efficient way to get SOMETHING done, but not a good strategy to change things. And that's the damn problem right now.

There are reasons for increasing polarization, but Obama desire for unity isn't one of them. And actually, division ain't bad, if the other group has gone radical! Attempts to find common ground with extremists come with a high risk and may lead to horrible results. As a history-conscious German citizen, I know that.


[ Parent ]
Not Necessarily (4.00 / 1)
Obama's desire for bipartisanship has resulted in him remaining aloof and detached, failing to articulate a clear and compelling vision of what he wants, thus making it easier for his GOP opponents to define him delusionally as an alien freakazoid.  And their wild-eyed mischaracterization, combined with his own failure to embrace and fight for the wildly popular public option is what's primarily responsible for the long delay in passing health care, and the growing strength of opposition to Obama.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3

[ Parent ]
But that's what I'm saying, Paul! (0.00 / 0)
Indeed, "Obama's desire for bipartisanship has resulted in him remaining aloof and detached, failing to articulate a clear and compelling vision of what he wants". So, he can't really be accused of dividing the country! He steers the wrong course, driven by his desire for unity, but he isn't dividing. It's purely the rethuglican's fault, who react on this with "wild-eyed mischaracterization" of the issues and who are polarizing the discourse as a way to get their base more enrgized and motivated. How is this Obama's fault? It isn't.

[ Parent ]
here's a question... (4.00 / 1)
...the premise of so much of this kind of commentary is that it would be politically catastrophic for the Administration to support passage of anything that then fails to win passage through Congress. As I understand it, the narrative runs that if Obama suffered a failure in Congress, he would lose his mojo (usually cast as "credibility" or "political capital"), and then find it increasingly difficult to pass anything further, with the possibility of an endless downward spiral. By this reckoning, the Administration is right to be as risk-averse as it is.

My question is, is this true? Is there a counter-example where the President puts an issue before Congress, the issue dies, but the President actually comes out with increased mojo ("stature") in the short or long term as a result? Exclude cases where the President faces a Congress controlled by the other party, and a foredoomed issue is taken up solely in hopes of partisan gain.


That's Not Really The Issue (0.00 / 0)
Not all issues are of equal importance.  It can make sense to push hard on a more minor issue, just to show you've got fire in the belly.  This is particularly true with respect to appointments, for example.

On health care, Obama could afford to get much tougher if he had openly embraced reconciliation as a strategy early on.  That would have drastically undercut the leverage of a handful of conservatives, in turn giving him greater freedom to push harder for a more ambitious package.

Problem is, Obama seems to think that fighting for a stronger bill, but not getting everything he fights for would also result in a loss of political capital.  And the most definitely is false, since every president under the sun has gone that route prior to him taking office.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
efficiency : effectiveness :: management : leadership (0.00 / 0)
BHO is - arguably - a somewhat capable manager.

He is a leader not at all.

I don't think he understands his job description. In these times, we need a bully-pulpit-leader with vision, a President of the United States of America willing to push our massive collective polity back toward a model that sustains a vibrant middle class, while hewing to life-affirming self-actualizing values.

Instead, BHO serves primarily as President of the Senate, secondarily as chair of the DNC.


Very Ironically True (0.00 / 0)
The GOP tried to hang him with the exact opposite rap, that he could inspire with a speech, but wasn't ready to manage the actual job.

Although.... One could argue that he's a very effective leader, leading us around and around in circles while Rome burns.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
I thought (0.00 / 0)
Bush put the deadline on withdrawing from Iraq. So how is it surprising that Iraq is not a huge issue under Obama's Presidency? What's more surprising (maybe not) is that our withdrawal seems infinitely postponed even if our presence is fairly inactive. Presumably our long vaunted withdrawal from Iraq will begin after the March 7 elections, though having just disqualified a bunch of Sunnis from the elections, perhaps the Iraqis are tripping another dely.

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