Kicking-Off Left Ed: Standards And Testing Debate Continues

by: jeffbinnc

Sun Apr 04, 2010 at 15:59


OpenLeft has asked me to turn my semi-regular diary on education into a weekly feature that updates our community on what's happening with K-12 public schools -- giving Paul a bathroom break every Sunday at 4:00pm. I'm calling the feature "Left Ed" unless someone's got a better idea.

My hope is that each recurring post will use a progressive political lens to review weekly education news (veering occasionally into in-depth commentary on a specific topic), follow-up conversations from previous diaries with pertinent new events, and counter-balance the typical blather from the MSM with what real educators and people who actually know something about education are saying about the trends in public school policy.

The feedback I've gotten on this site to my previous diaries has run the gamut from effusive to frustrated to perplexed. I'm very grateful for this response and want to continue to generate conversation that can lead to a broad understanding of where the progressive community stands on public education issues, school reform, and the Obama administration's policies regarding public schools.

So why am I doing this? Mainly, as I stated in a comment to Mark Matson in my most recent diary, to "bridge what I perceive to be the gap between progressive views of education and what most liberals see as sane and responsible policy."

To kick-off Left Ed, I'd like to hear what others in this community want my weekly effort to address. What can I provide to better prepare us all to understand and, hopefully, influence the broader public dialogue about education policy? What should we track from week-to-week to keep ourselves informed of the pros and cons of the Obama administration's actions? What should we be advocating for at local, state, and federal levels? And who are the politicians that get it right and how can we support them?

jeffbinnc :: Kicking-Off Left Ed: Standards And Testing Debate Continues
In addition to getting your feedback, I want to follow-up last week's diary -- which received quite a lot of comments -- with some updates on the push for national standards and increased standardized testing.

In a Quick Hit this week, I pointed out how the push-back against standardized testing is getting much-needed reinforcement from the people who actually know something about testing. And in another QH, I revealed the little-known fact that most teachers never get to see the results from standardized tests that are supposed to reveal to them the effectiveness of their teaching. And part of the reason for this is that the companies that provide the tests don't want to reveal item-by-item results.

Regarding national standards, when Diane Ravitch declared in her book Death and Life of the Great American School that enacting national content standards would be a shew-in because (in her words) "the curriculum wars of the 1990s have ended," she should have made this explicitly apparent to the people of California. The debate in that state over new "common core standards" being pushed by the Obama administration is starting to "echo California's 'math wars' that raged in the 1990s," and anyone who feels that the push for national content standards won't reawaken the culture wars is being foolish.

In the most recent issue of Educational Leadership (sub required), nationally prominent education pundits sound-off on the topic of content standards. (Full disclosure: publisher is a client of mine.) In the "For" column, William Schmidt and Chester Finn argue that standards are required primarily to stay "competitive internationally" and to reinforce "national school 'brands,'" such as KIPP charter schools.

Countering this argument, Deborah Meier enlightens us that "it's a fact that we don't know how to teach math well to everyone. Maybe we never will." And "setting fixed standards for what students should learn means aiming either too low or too high -- never on target for each individual learner."

To bolster her point, Phil Schlechty explains that "standards should not be fixed points. Rather, they should mark a horizon." He counters the "everybody else does it" argument of Schmidt and Finn with the case of Finland.

"Finland has a system of national standards, but it leaves assessment of students up to local communities. Before we establish national standards, we must do as Finland did and arrive at some agreement about the purposes of education in the 21st century and the kind of society we aspire to be. I find little in our discussion about standards that addresses such issues."

And finally, Yong Zhaou thrusts the ultimate skewer in the argument for national standards based on international "competitiveness" by pointing out that "China is a well-known example of how establishing a national curriculum does not necessarily reduce achievement gaps. Despite years of a highly nationalized system and a homogeneous culture, China still sees significant gaps in test scores among students in different regions." His refutation of national standards is an affirmation of why they are anathema to  democracy:

"The negative consequences of national standards are well documented. Common standards lead to distortion of the purpose of schooling and deprive students of a real education. Governments inevitably use high-stakes testing to enforce standards. Such testing forces teachers to focus on what is tested and spend less time on what is not. The focus of curriculum gets narrowed to a few subjects, and students wind up with a depressed education experience overall.

National standards stifle creativity and reduce diversity. To be creative is to be different, to deviate from the norm-but common standards demand a uniform way of thinking, learning, and demonstrating one's learning. Standardized testing rewards those who conform and penalizes those who deviate."


Finally, Richard Rothstein points out how Obama's new "Blueprint" for education reform is just an extension of the Bush administration's failed NCLB policy but "with a twist. Only the bottom 5 percent of schools (called 'Challenge' schools) will suffer severe sanctions (such as firing or replacing the staff) as a result of low test scores."
"The result of all this is that schools serving a large proportion of minority students will behave under the Blueprint very similarly to how they behaved under NCLB. If the Administration succeeds in raising the proficiency cut points (now called "college and career ready" standards), even more students will be ignored because they are too far below the passing point to matter.
Schools with largely middle class populations will effectively be exempt. The political consequences of this could be dangerous: federal officials will no longer be besieged by middle class parents upset that their schools have turned into test-prep factories; only poor and minority communities will suffer the punitive hammer of federal policy."

Get that? Shutting down schools based on high-stakes test scores not only makes no sense on a practical level; it's also potentially volatile politically. So again, why is this the policy direction?

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Excellent Start, Jeff! (4.00 / 2)
I'm really excited at your open-ended approach, seeking input from the community about what folks want you to do.  And you've matched that with a very casual-seeming report that hits on some of the key controversy fault-lines on standards and testing that have repeatedly reasserted themselves over and over again for the past 25 years or more.

My own POV focuses on two things:

(1) As Gerald Bracey repeatedly reminded us, there's no evidence at all tying test scores to international competitiveness.

(2) It's self-evident to just about any teacher that kids learn in different ways at different speeds.  Just as kids growing up hit growth spurts at different times, they can and do hit learning spurts as well.

Whatever else it does, our educational system ought to be designed around the recognition of that fact.  Otherwise, it's inevitably added surplus stress to the system--for students, teachers, parents, and anyone else who gets involved.  And quite frankly, that's basically just a form of sadism--child abuse, if you will.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


Thanks Paul. (4.00 / 1)
And yes, Bracey was right on to point out that the high test scores from school kids in Japan and Singapore in stark contrast to the poor economic performances of those two countries in the 90's. Like judging the performance of two competing sports teams by taking their shoe sizes, he said. John Edwards also noted that weighing a hog more often doesn't make the hog any heavier. So again, why are we doing this?

[ Parent ]
Well, It All Boils Down To Worshiping Procrustes (0.00 / 0)
instead of Athena, I suppose.

"Get the right God for the job" as Mr. Natural might have said.

And, of course, since Mr. Natural was the ultimate DFH, they go out and do just the opposite.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
And then when you don't obey, (0.00 / 0)
they release the kraken


[ Parent ]
I Shudder To Think (0.00 / 0)
that nowadays my high school English teacher might get in trouble for teaching us Greek mythology.

Sarah Palin on one side, Bill Bennet on the other.

What can you do when they're both already made of stone?

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
Why? (4.00 / 2)
Like so many other unreasonable and ineffective "conservative" things, the politically connected (including the Bush family) make a lot of money from this claptrap and in this case the teachers unions, a Democratically connected (with a capital D) and liberal group, lose out.

Game, set, match.


[ Parent ]
Differences (4.00 / 3)
(2) It's self-evident to just about any teacher that kids learn in different ways at different speeds.  Just as kids growing up hit growth spurts at different times, they can and do hit learning spurts as well.

This is so amazingly obvious, it has taken me many years to get through my think skull that real people actually promote standards in the form they do.

As a kid I thought the tracking system I lived in was bad, where a decision could be made very early in a child's life that would dictate the rest of her educational life.  But compared to this bs, tracking was paradise.


[ Parent ]
As If (4.00 / 2)
doing the wrong thing could be fixed by doing it all the harder.

Why not? It worked so well in Vietnam, after all!

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
Yes that (4.00 / 2)
and there's also the "status quo" label that gets thrown back at you if you criticize "reform" -- "Oh, so you're for the status quo." Um no. But even if that were true it's still not justification for doing the wrong thing.

[ Parent ]
Wouldn't want any consistency getting in the way, would we? (0.00 / 0)
If anything is trendy, it is education.  Remember no phonics?  new math?  spell it like it sounds?  I remember a whole generation of kids that got sold up the river with these.

Biggest problem in education in my opinion is too many kids in a class, screwed up parents, wholesale mainstreaming of special education into the classrooms as a budget cutting device, not enough money to meet expectations, and no support for good teachers at any level.  Despite expectations to the contrary, let's see any teacher overcome the problems of the 7 yo who was gang raped in NJ or her 15 yo sister who sold her.  In the Detroit Public Schools, we can add in administrator theft and corruption.

I'm glad you were asked to do this.  I read your stuff regularly.  

They're asking for another four years -- in a just world, they'd get 10 to 20. ~~ Dennis Kucinich  


[ Parent ]
Tracking (0.00 / 0)
is definitely a topic I want to take up in Left Ed. It's pretty much a mainstay in our schools -- even in fairly liberal communities where parents would normally say they believe in treating all kids equally, except of course when it comes to their kid's education.

[ Parent ]
This is powerfully true (0.00 / 0)
I taught for a year in a private school that rejected all "benchmarking" (and spent a lot of time helping parents not stress their kids out if they didn't master fractions-- or whatever-- at the exact moment the state guidelines said they should).

And you know what was crazy? The kids there loved learning (and went on to "demanding" high schools and colleges) and the teachers loved working there.

One could argue that these kids were successful and happy  because they were privileged, which is true, but that would imply that grades/benchmarks/etc are some kind of substitute for class advantages...


[ Parent ]
True But (0.00 / 0)
1) There's no evidence, but that doesn't necessarily mean its not true. A big part of it is how you interpret the evidence and when things start kicking in. Keep in mind that competitiveness (however you define it) might not reflect anything until the generation that gets tested actually gets to the workforce.

2) True, but it doesn't remove the fact the world is hardly as accommodating. While it might be nice to tailor education to each individual, there's simply not enough resources without either leaving most behind or doing a crappy job on everyone. If you plan on educating the masses, you have to draw a line somewhere between the ideal and the practical.

As for jeff's argument about standards, I think its important to focus on the goals of education. Should education teach you basic competency in reading, math, and science? If so, shouldn't you test for it? Standards are there for a reason, it allows others to maintain certain basic expectations. For example, having the requirement for a driver's license to drive (a standard with test) allows everyone to know (or at least feel) that everyone else driving knows how to obey traffic laws, how to park, and how to handle a car.

What exactly then is the problem with having education standards? Are you against standards themselves or how they are implemented? If you are against how they are implemented, how would you change them for the better?  


[ Parent ]
The problem with standards (4.00 / 2)
You say, let's create a set of standards based on "basic competencies" and test every kid for those. One problem is, no one knows what the "basic competencies" are in every subject. For instance, some would say that basic competencies in math would include a knowledge of algebra. Others would say that's hogwash. And the minute you establish the basic competencies in a subject like history, every curriculum, textbook, and standardized test on history is based on the same "bunch o' facts" that get force-fed to students for regurgitating on tests. No, standards based on every student reaching "basic competency" will inevitably be too high for some kids, too low for others, and off-the mark for just about everyone. The only way I can see standards working is if there is a way, as Phil Schlechty states in my diary, to make standards a horizon to aim toward without mandating in accountability measures at the local level -- but I doubt that our country is capable of accomplishing that.

[ Parent ]
Progressive approach to education policy? (4.00 / 3)
I'm anxious to hear more about what the left/progressive approach to education policy should be.

Although there's plenty of cogent criticism of NCLB and the Obama proposals, what's the alternative? You can't beat something with nothing, and sometimes it seems like, except for criticizing conservative and moderate policies, progressives have abandoned the playing field on this issue in terms of a positive program.


Thanks so much for this comment. (4.00 / 1)
This is exactly what I'm trying to address in Left Ed and in my previous diaries at OpenLeft on education. Previous diaries I've published at OL -- see here, here and here -- focused on establishing that there is indeed a progressive view of education policy being expressed in the education trade media that never makes the MSM. I've written repeatedly on how a "Washington Conseneus" conceived by both political parties dominates the debate, effectively blocking out a progressive view. In today's diary I challenged the conventional wisdom that content standards and standardized testing are the chief means to education improvement and brought to the argument the views educators like Deborah Meier who advocate for a more progressive approach. You can rely on me to continue to do this every week. And I hope to have many exchanges with you on this very topic.

[ Parent ]
Thanks for the links (0.00 / 0)
I remember reading some of the posts when they were published but its good to have them all together here.

[ Parent ]
A progressive approach to education (4.00 / 1)
Summarizing some of those links:

1. We have two public school systems. One is for poor and minority students; the other is for the rest of us and is as good as any in the world. It is inequality - the achievement gap between ethnicity and between rich and poor - that is the main problem with the US education system.

2. A progressive approach to improving schools involves

  • Reducing class sizes in early grades for disadvantaged children
  • Attracting and retaining high-quality teachers to work in hard-to-staff schools.
  • Improved professional development and school leadership
  • Better coordination between pre-school, elementary, secondary, and higher education;
  • The use of assessments that provide guidance to teachers and principals
  • Better instruction that makes a high-quality college preparatory curriculum accessible to all students, including subjects not frequently tested, like the arts, sciences, physical education, history and social studies, and physical and mental health
  • Recognition that some students, such as recent immigrants, arrive at school with distinctive needs that warrant special attention.
  • Paying more attention to the time students spend out of school - longer school days, after-school and summer programs, and school-to-work programs with demonstrated track records

3. Public schools are the offspring of the society they serve, reflecting both the "goods" and the "bads" of the society that birthed them. Real education reform must address these social realities by:

  • Increasing investment in developmentally appropriate and high-quality early childhood, pre-school, and kindergarten education.
  • Increasing investment in health services
  • Improving coordination at the school level with other community institutions that provide early childhood care and education, parent education and support, physical and mental health care, and high quality out-of-school time programs, or that are taking initiatives to provide such services where they do not exist

4. Results overwhelmingly favor progressive education....this approach can be recommended purely on the basis of its effectiveness. A progressive approach to education emphasizes a broad curriculum, collaboration, problem solving, active learning, and development of deep understanding.

Is this accurate? I think there's probably quite a bit left out here, especially in terms of emphasis. For example, many of the school improvement themes overlap with the conservative approach, except that where right-wingers would try to essentially browbeat school staff through testing and naive "incentive" systems, progressives would want a more democratic, collaborative approach that includes students, parents, teachers, administrators, community members.


[ Parent ]
Wow! (0.00 / 0)
Really great synopsis of many of the points I've been making in these education diaries. And then some of your own very valid points thrown in. So you see, your lament of a lack of progressive POV in the education debate is not due to the lack of the POV's existence. It's due to a lack of prominent assertion of this POV in the debate. I so look forward to your participation in this weekly feature at OpenLeft -- every Sunday at 4:00pm. We've got work to do . . .  

[ Parent ]
Wrong People Are Running This (4.00 / 1)
Jeff,

As a former educator, all this talk of "merit pay" and increased attention on testing is exactly the wrong direction. Our nation's children are not lab mice. We need to encourage learning for it's own sake, not by means of things that are external (and yeah, that means we also need to work towards getting rid of grades). I'll be honest. I don't expect much from this administration on the educational front in the way of change that's good.

Beware School 'Reformers'
http://www.thenation.com/doc/2...


Right on CR. (0.00 / 0)
Merit pay is a subject I plan to address in future posts on Left Ed. And I'm interested in getting your point of view as a former educator. Absolutely the argument backing merit pay is shabby at best. To begin with, it doesn't have a stellar record in the business world. And the whole idea of linking teacher pay to student test scores is like linking crime rates to police salaries or incidents of housefires to firefighters. So with poor evidence like this backing the Obama administration's "reform" policies, one has to wonder what the real reasons are for these policies?

[ Parent ]
There are things of merit in the Steiner approach. (0.00 / 0)
But let's not kid ourselves. This ain't public education. And my belief is that anything that is progressive is inherently public.

[ Parent ]
You are correct that there are not any current Publicly Funded Waldorf Shools. (0.00 / 0)
That does not mean that there could not be. The Steiner approach is a Progressive approach to how to educate. It is a bottom up approach vs. the authoritarian top-down model we are used to. The way we define Public vs. Private education, is how we pay for it.

If there were Public schools using the Steiner approach then it would be both Progressive and Public. :)


[ Parent ]
Point taken. (0.00 / 0)
But I challenge you in your statement that "the way we pay for it" is what defines public vs. private. It's also about a plurality of opinion. It's about the democratic process of parents and educators meting it out together. What would happen to Steinerism if we threw it into the fray?

[ Parent ]
Plurality of Opinion... (0.00 / 0)
Is what Waldorf Schools are all about. This is a system where often times the students hire and fire the teachers by a democratic vote. Where the students decide what classes are taught by a democratic vote. It is possible that we may be like the 5 blind chinese men who are feeling different parts of the elephant, but I have always seen the the Waldorf system as Primarily a democratic one.

[ Parent ]
You've illustrated my point perfectly. (0.00 / 0)
What you describe would strike many educators and parents as incredibly wrong. Keep in mind that I'm not saying that it necessarily is. But no approach to schooling that is, at its conception, based on the philosophy of a single individual a plurality of opinion.

[ Parent ]
Parents are both under and over rated.... (0.00 / 0)
Try teaching in a high income community.  The teacher is equal to the hired help.   Add in an administration that thinks parents can have whatever they want, and the teachers spend inordinate amounts of their time doing the parents bidding.  If there is no board policy to back them, the teacher gets hung out to dry.  Mainstreaming is a huge issue that regular ed. teachers didn't sign on for.    

They're asking for another four years -- in a just world, they'd get 10 to 20. ~~ Dennis Kucinich  

[ Parent ]
Waldorf ... No thanks. (4.00 / 1)
Waldorf has ties to strange spiritualism and is rather dogmatic in approach. A truly progressive school would use empirical methods to find out what works and what doesn't.

Anthroposophy:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A...


[ Parent ]
Thanks! (0.00 / 0)
It's great when I can get commenters to do the work for me.

[ Parent ]
Ties to strange spiritualism... (4.00 / 1)
How many politicians are Christians, Jews, Muslims, etc.?

It doesn't get any more strange than the Big Three.


[ Parent ]
That's why (0.00 / 0)
we have to continue to fight the teaching of religious doctrine in public schools. It's okay to teach about religion -- or about Steinerism for that matter. But the minute you make religion or a single personal philosophy the guiding principle of an education approach, then schooling becomes less than democratic.

[ Parent ]
and yet (0.00 / 0)
it is a generally successful program, from what I understand, in terms of producing well-educated, happy students.

Sure, it makes kids do weird dances and doesn't let them write until they're like 8 or something, but I'd still rather send my kid to a Waldorf school than most public schools.


[ Parent ]
You speak as though these are the only choices. (4.00 / 2)
It is a false dilemma. Some great alternative schools are public. Some great progressive schools are private. The trick is knowing how to find them.

[ Parent ]
"knowing how to find them" (4.00 / 1)
Or being fortunate to live in a community that has them.

[ Parent ]
Unions & Merit Pay (0.00 / 0)
I've seen enough bad teachers that I support a merit pay system.  The Left's challenge is to devise a merit pay protocol that does not destroy unions and is not based on current standardized testing.  So why can't we have unions that practice peer review?  Why not have a sophisticated teacher evaluation that also includes parent report cards on the teachers, (and in high school--student report cards on the teachers) mixed in with administration reports on the teachers and some sort of blind testing of the students?

What is the real reason poor teachers stay on the job anyway?  Is it union job protection, conflict-averse administrators, lack of good replacements due to low pay/low status, or what?  I know people who have made a successful career as bad teachers, widely disliked in their own small communities.

Also I'd like you to address the role of unions more broadly.  The most common analysis is that public education fails because unions are selfish.  We need to better understand the real role of unions today.  My wife belongs to the NEA and thinks her rural local is pitiful and powerless, barely attracting half the faculty as its members.  They aren't standing in the way of any good reforms!


Thanks for the input. (0.00 / 0)
I'm definitely going to be looking at the influence of teachers unions and the whole controversy over merit pay. BTW, teachers unions are not necessarily against merit pay and stricter teacher evaluations. In Denver and Chicago, for example, the unions negotiated successfully with administration to adopt some form of merit pay and more rigorous evaluation of teachers. Thanks again for the comment and look forward to exchanging views with you in the weeks ahead.

[ Parent ]
Merit pay is not the answer. (0.00 / 0)
Offer to pay all teachers a uniformly high rate and don't make them jump through so many hoops. That is enough to attract serious professionals.

[ Parent ]
I like to know the real story behind ed systems in countries (0.00 / 0)
which are used to scare us. For example, Obama has been hung upon South Korea lately. Bracey mentioned in one of his posts that S.KOrean parents actually send their children to US for better ed. See this :
He raved about South Korean schools but neglected to say that thousands of South Korean families sell their children--yes, sell--to American families so their kids can a) learn English and b) avoid the horrible rigidity of Korean schools.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/...

I tried googling but didn't get much. Call me a conspiracy theorist, I think Obama is using South Korea to drum up support for the free trade agreement covertly using the blame-the-victim strategy pre-emptively (remember us being lectured that jobs are going to India & China because those people are better educated?  By the likes of Obama, Tom Freidman etc).  






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